Fractures are a common injury in both companion and production animals, and require prompt treatment in order to ensure proper healing and prevent long-term complications. Fracture repair is a surgical procedure that involves the realignment of fractured bones and stabilization of the affected area to promote healing.
There are several different types of fractures that can occur in animals, including simple fractures (a single break in the bone), comminuted fractures (multiple bone fragments), and compound fractures (the broken bone protrudes through the skin). Treatment options for fractures depend on the type and severity of the fracture, as well as the age and overall health of the animal.
Before surgery, the animal will be placed under general anesthesia to ensure they are comfortable and immobile during the procedure. The first step in fracture repair is to reduce, or realign, the broken bone(s) into their normal position. This is often done manually, using traction and manipulation to align the bone fragments. In some cases, external fixation devices such as splints or casts may be used to hold the bones in place during healing.
Once the bone is properly aligned, internal fixation devices such as pins, screws, plates, or wires may be used to hold the bone fragments together. These devices are typically made of metal and are inserted into the bone to provide stability and support during healing. The type of fixation device used will depend on the location and type of fracture.
In addition to internal fixation, bone grafts may be used to promote healing in cases where there is significant bone loss or damage. Bone grafts can be taken from the animal's own body (autografts) or from a donor animal (allografts). The bone graft is typically placed at the site of the fracture to encourage the growth of new bone tissue.
After surgery, the animal will require strict confinement and limited activity to allow for proper healing. The length of recovery time will depend on the location and severity of the fracture, as well as the age and overall health of the animal.
Fracture repair is a complex surgical procedure that requires a skilled veterinary surgeon and a team of experienced veterinary technicians. With proper treatment and care, most animals can make a full recovery from a fracture and regain normal mobility and function.
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